|
|
1901 |
|
|
Embarked with family for India, promising to
return to South Africa if Indian community there needed
his services again. |
|
1901 |
|
|
Travelled extensively in India, attended Indian
National Congress meeting in Calcutta, and opened law
office in Bombay. |
|
1902 |
|
|
Returned to South Africa after urgent request
from Indian community. |
|
1903 |
|
|
Summer. Opened law office in
Johannesburg. |
|
1904 |
|
|
Established the weekly journal, Indian
Opinion. |
|
1904 |
|
|
Organised Phoenix Settlement near Durban, after
reading Ruskin's Unto This Last. |
|
1906 |
March |
|
Organised Indian Ambulance Corps for Zulu
"Rebellion". |
|
1906 |
|
|
Took vow of continence for life. |
|
1906 |
September |
|
First satyagraha campaign began with meeting in
Johannesburg in protest against proposed Asiatic
ordinance directed against Indian immigrants in
Transvaal. |
|
1906 |
October |
|
Sailed for England to present Indians' case to
Colonial Secretary and started back to South Africa in
December. |
|
1907 |
June |
|
Organised satyagraha against compulsory registration
of Asians ("The Black Act"). |
|
1908 |
January |
|
Stood trial for instigating satyagraha and was
sentenced to two months' imprisonment in Johannesburg
jail (his first imprisonment). |
|
1908 |
January |
|
Was summoned to consult General Smuts at
Pretoria; compromise reached; was released from
jail. |
|
1908 |
February |
|
Attacked and wounded by Indian extremist, Mir
Alam, for reaching settlement with Smuts. |
|
1908 |
August |
|
After Smuts broke agreement, second satyagraha
campaign began with bonfire of registration
certificates. |
|
1908 |
October |
|
Arrested for not having certificate, and
sentenced to two months' imprisonment in Volksrust
jail. |
|
1909 |
February |
|
Sentenced to three months' imprisonment in
Volksrust and Pretoria jails. |
|
1909 |
June |
|
Sailed for England again to present Indians'
case. |
|
1909 |
November |
|
Returned to South Africa, writing Hind Swaraj en
route. |
|
1910 |
May |
|
Established Tolstoy Farm near
Johannesburg. |
|
1913 |
|
|
Began penitential fast (one meal a day for more
than four months) because of moral lapse of two members
of Phoenix Settlement. |
|
1913 |
September |
|
Helped campaign against nullification of
marriages not celebrated according to Christian rites,
with Kasturbai and other women being sentenced for
crossing the Transvaal border without permits. |
|
1913 |
November |
|
Third satyagraha campaign begun by leading
"great march" of 2,000 Indian miners from Newcastle
across Transvaal border in Natal. |
|
1913 |
November |
|
Arrested three times in four days (at Palmford,
Standerton, and Teakworth) and sentenced at Dundee to
nine months' imprisonment; tried at Volksrust in
second trial and sentenced to three months'
imprisonment with his European co-workers, Polak and
Kall |
|
1913 |
December |
|
Released unconditionally in expectation of a
compromise settlement, C.F. Andrews and W.W. Pearson
having been sent by Indians in India to
negotiate. |
|
1914 |
January |
|
Underwent fourteen days' fast for moral lapse
of members of Phoenix Settlement. |
|
1914 |
January |
|
Satyagraha campaign suspended, with pending
agreement between Smuts, C.F. Andrews, and Gandhi, and
with ultimate passage of Indian Relief
Act. |
|
1914 |
July |
|
Left South Africa forever, sailing from
Capetown for London with Kasturbai and Kallenbach,
arriving just at beginning of World War
I. |
|
1914 |
|
|
Organised Indian Ambulance Corps in England,
but was obliged to sail for India because of
pleurisy. |
|
1915 |
|
|
Secured removal of customs harassment of
passengers atViramgam; first incipient satyagraha
campaign in India. |
|
1915 |
May |
|
Established Satyagraha Ashram at Kochrab, near
Ahmedabad, and soon admitted an untouchable family; in
1917 moved ashram to new site on Sabarmati
River. |
|
1916 |
February |
|
Gave speech at opening of Hindu University at
Benares. |
|
1917 |
|
|
Helped secure removal of recruiting of South
African indenture workers in India. |
|
1917 |
|
|
Led successful satyagraha campaign for rights of
peasants on indigo plantations in Champaran. Defied
aorder to leave area in April, was arrest at
Motihari and tried, but case was withdrawn. Mahadev
Desai joined him at Champaran. |
|
1918 |
February |
|
Led strike of millworkers at Ahmedabad.
Millowners agreed to arbitration after his three-day
fast (his first fast in India). |
|
1918 |
March |
|
Led satyagraha campaign for peasants in
Kheda. |
|
1918 |
|
|
Attended Viceroy's War Conference at Delhi and
agreed that Indians should be recruited for World War
I. |
|
1918 |
|
|
Began recruiting campaign, but was taken ill
and came near death; agreed to drink goat's milk and
learned spinning during convalescence. |
|
1919 |
|
|
Spring. Rowlatt Bills (perpetuating withdrawal
of civil liberties for seditious crimes) passed, and
first all-India satyagraha campaign
conceived. |
|
1919 |
April |
|
Organised nation-wide hartal - suspension of activity
for a day - against Rowlatt Bills. |
|
1919 |
April |
|
Arrested at Kosi near Delhi on way to Punjab
and escorted back to Bombay, but never tried. |
|
1919 |
|
|
Fasted at Sabarmati for three days in penitence
for violence and suspended satyagraha campaign, which he
called a "Himalayan miscalculation" because people
were not disciplined enough. |
|
1919 |
|
|
Assumed editorship of English weekly, Young
India, and Gujarati weekly, Navajivan. |
|
1919 |
October |
|
After five months' refusal, authorities allowed
him to visit scene of April disorders in Punjab. Worked
closely with Motilal Nehru. Conducted extensive
inquiry into violence in many Punjab
villages. |
